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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ! q: E( O9 x9 I; h) z# @5 c2 m: ` P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 W* g3 P8 Y0 Z$ X) o4 ~) tmso-font-kerning:0pt">1; ^: q- z& r' D" D
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0 A9 Z U8 I3 e: q) D; R8 B+ @mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：0 \5 z' B& P I$ J- n% p t. ~
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。( x( e3 I: j, d/ i, R1 r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。/ Q3 C! Z9 ~0 q
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3 G$ s2 N6 G, |7 T. s; q0 p3 N* nmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。! F" _1 N) N3 @$ c5 Q; Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？' Q6 C3 r5 p1 j$ u' @! [: n
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6 N; s. ?3 q9 J s; ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。6 ~9 W/ w. z/ B! {& r3 e" g0 E. o
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5 ]' N/ u, d0 N6 S! K& v. nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服/ L! V2 u2 j4 I+ J- a, lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ( m0 c( G: K7 C1 m: d$ m$ p+ W! o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢. W3 p' q B X' T# Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 f5 M. k3 E- ^8 C( q0 O: a+ imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服( E1 A3 X$ }. w$ c- b4 x: t% ~3 v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的. }( x f( q7 y* N/ U8 `9 N vmso-font-kerning:0pt">"! e. R0 i( d, H( P+ _( R9 x7 Y7 h/ C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。8 L/ Y5 X: T0 G$ }& x4 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">" o8 b+ [5 t: b! v% O
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4 K: o0 D0 U# D3 A0 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新: Z* R3 s$ o& K5 r2 N/ \# M
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# K7 Z4 g# Z# T; x" N7 `8 o! |- o$ VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白) p& @& K* S! T* l: E1 x8 imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学( C6 u$ h5 w1 ^4 U( {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么) M. {8 I9 K9 J) E& b: i5 A0 r
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8 c( \' ?8 B0 A3 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？5 L0 F) i/ k0 h1 j/ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——( | a2 k: V9 v- ^6 m% d8 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) B- y B( X5 x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”) f' n" b4 m( e( b3 k E: Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——& t2 R2 G' H& i0 @1 v& M: F5 R
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, f2 t, N8 s5 W @& l. B4 O& Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说" B# x+ L5 N* e Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">"' y* E! e& c- o7 W9 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- y* K. T" G& o% ]& B
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7 z7 r$ F$ G7 e* _2 V' M# Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊- i# e$ h; i$ R( z5 c1 g, ~/ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt"> # G) U% q h8 }' `# m; ]/ P
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8 y, }9 z( h; F+ J6 ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚3 G5 V. r; M# Y7 l3 r# g
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！2 a. t7 K$ T7 o2 h& ~# q" m1 t1 L9 j) z
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1 A' J$ T# x5 ^; b+ P( ?5 wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假8 @, J6 s: l5 F8 L& C
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是: |+ v/ a* f9 _% c3 W% n F. qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* u9 M9 g9 S; \3 D, Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! m0 u, T+ ]5 G0 }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题/ G4 K- w+ f4 Z0 J9 Z; W: gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& N$ r% h) x, U6 p
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" K! o- ?$ g& vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。: b# b7 y& w& m4 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* }% f. l) X7 c; Z& Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% c- T& R4 j: E% D/ ~: bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴7 X: Q/ _$ [( R. W7 Q# Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”, g5 k# z9 P( E6 o5 mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; Z) Z+ Z- E8 O. [- _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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